Hate crimes against the LGBT community in the Commonwealth: a situational analysis

This report outlines the nature and extent of anti-LGBT hate crime and its impact on individuals and societies in the Commonwealth. Section 1 outlines the methodology and approach of this report, and sets out the legal and social context in which hate crimes are committed against LGBT people. Section 2 assesses the extent and nature of anti-LGBT hate crimes, exploring trends across the Commonwealth and surveying regional and country-specific case examples. Information on the perpetrators of anti-LGBT victimisation is also outlined. Section 3 examines the impacts that anti-LGBT hate crimes have on individuals, communities and society. Commonalities and differences in experiences across different sectors of LGBT communities are described. Section 4 of the report concludes with recommendations on how Commonwealth states should legislate against anti-LGBT hate crime, and why statutory agencies must implement monitoring tools to ensure that anti-LGBT victimisation becomes visible and is measured

Synopsis of biological data on the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus Rathbun

This synopsis reviews taxonomy, morphology, distribution, life history, commercial hard and soft shell crab fisheries, physiology, diseases, ecology, laboratory culture methodology, and influences of environmental pollutants on the blue crab, Callinecles sapidus. Over 300 selected, published reports up to and including 1982 are covered. (PDF file contains 45 pages.

Working Notes from the 1992 AAAI Spring Symposium on Practical Approaches to Scheduling and Planning

The symposium presented issues involved in the development of scheduling systems that can deal with resource and time limitations. To qualify, a system must be implemented and tested to some degree on non-trivial problems (ideally, on real-world problems). However, a system need not be fully deployed to qualify. Systems that schedule actions in terms of metric time constraints typically represent and reason about an external numeric clock or calendar and can be contrasted with those systems that represent time purely symbolically. The following topics are discussed: integrating planning and scheduling; integrating symbolic goals and numerical utilities; managing uncertainty; incremental rescheduling; managing limited computation time; anytime scheduling and planning algorithms, systems; dependency analysis and schedule reuse; management of schedule and plan execution; and incorporation of discrete event techniques

Beyond the Cosmological Standard Model

After a decade and a half of research motivated by the accelerating universe, theory and experiment have a reached a certain level of maturity. The development of theoretical models beyond \Lambda, or smooth dark energy, often called modified gravity, has led to broader insights into a path forward, and a host of observational and experimental tests have been developed. In this review we present the current state of the field and describe a framework for anticipating developments in the next decade. We identify the guiding principles for rigorous and consistent modifications of the standard model, and discuss the prospects for empirical tests. We begin by reviewing attempts to consistently modify Einstein gravity in the infrared, focusing on the notion that additional degrees of freedom introduced by the modification must screen themselves from local tests of gravity. We categorize screening mechanisms into three broad classes: mechanisms which become active in regions of high Newtonian potential, those in which first derivatives become important, and those for which second derivatives are important. Examples of the first class, such as f(R) gravity, employ the familiar chameleon or symmetron mechanisms, whereas examples of the last class are galileon and massive gravity theories, employing the Vainshtein mechanism. In each case, we describe the theories as effective theories. We describe experimental tests, summarizing laboratory and solar system tests and describing in some detail astrophysical and cosmological tests. We discuss future tests which will be sensitive to different signatures of new physics in the gravitational sector. Parts that are more relevant to theorists vs. observers/experimentalists are clearly indicated, in the hope that this will serve as a useful reference for both audiences, as well as helping those interested in bridging the gap between them.Comment: 175 pages, 24 figures. v2: Minor corrections, added references. Review article, comments welcom

Photochemical e-z isomerisation and cyclisation in an arylidenecycloakanone oxime ether system

The synthesis and photochemistry of a number of arylidenecycloalkanone oxime ethers has been investigated . Irradiation of E,E- 2-benzylidenecyclopentanone oxime O-allyl ether results in rapid E-Z isomérisation around the carbon-nitrogen double bond accompanied by slower E-Z isomérisation around the carbon-carbon doub le bond, yielding four geometrical isomers which have been isolated and characterised . This indicates that isomérisation around the carbon-nitrogen double bond is the more facile process. Prolonged irradiation in methanol leads to the formation of 2,3-dihydro-1H-cyclopenta[b]quinoline, involving a 671-electron photocyclisation process via an unisolated dihydropyridine intermediate followed by elimination of allyl alcohol. The scope of the cyclisation has been investig a ted with a series of arylidenecycloalkanone oxime O-methyl ethers. Substitution at the aromatic ring with a methyl or methoxy group a lso y ields the expectedphotocyc lised product on irradiation, whilst substitution with chloro or nitro groups does not. Irradiation of furylidene and 1-naphthylidene d erivatives yields new heterocyclic compounds and irradiation of the cyclohexanone derivative yields 1 ,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine

Why the Rochdale Gang should have been sentenced as 'hate crime' offenders

This article examines the case of the Rochdale Gang (a group of Asian Muslim men recently convicted of a number of sexual offences against young white girls) by analysing whether the Gang’s offences could and should have been prosecuted as “hate crimes”. The article argues that sufficient scope exists under s.28 of the Crime and Disorder Act 1998 and s.145 of the Criminal Justice Act 2003 for the Gang’s actions to be pursued by the authorities, not only as sexual offences, but as offences aggravated by racial and religious “hostility”. The article posits that the authorities’ denial that the Gang’s actions were partly motivated by prejudice was likely to be the result of a narrowly construed conception of hate crime. In particular, it is argued that the authorities failed to acknowledge the symbiotic relationship that existed between the perceived vulnerability of the victims and the intersecting hostilities that such vulnerabilities gave rise to. The article concludes that the police and CPS should have gathered evidence of “hostility” and adduced this for consideration by the court at sentencing

The Signal Data Explorer: A high performance Grid based signal search tool for use in distributed diagnostic applications

We describe a high performance Grid based signal search tool for distributed diagnostic applications developed in conjunction with Rolls-Royce plc for civil aero engine condition monitoring applications. With the introduction of advanced monitoring technology into engineering systems, healthcare, etc., the associated diagnostic processes are increasingly required to handle and consider vast amounts of data. An exemplar of such a diagnosis process was developed during the DAME project, which built a proof of concept demonstrator to assist in the enhanced diagnosis and prognosis of aero-engine conditions. In particular it has shown the utility of an interactive viewing and high performance distributed search tool (the Signal Data Explorer) in the aero-engine diagnostic process. The viewing and search techniques are equally applicable to other domains. The Signal Data Explorer and search services have been demonstrated on the Worldwide Universities Network to search distributed databases of electrocardiograph data

Export prices, terms of trade, real exchange rate and structural changes in the Australian economy

Australia has long been considered a commodity-based economy, with reliance on a few primary export commodities a key reason. Structural change in the economy since the mid-1980s has seen a growing role of the traded sector within the Australian economy, with expansion in both the export and import sector. A sustained price-led boom from 2003 to 2008 in Australian export commodities has triggered discussion around the Gregory thesis and wider Dutch Disease theory. This thesis examines the impact of the price-led boom and the longer-term structural change on the Australian economy, manufacturing sector (at an aggregate and disaggregate level), and the real exchange rate. The key conclusions are: (i) that the aggregate manufacturing sector was impacted by the mineral export-price boom, although not as expected; (ii) at a disaggregate level there are differences in how the boom impacted each manufacturing sub-sector; (iii) underlying structural change in the Australian economy and OECD manufacturing remains an important influence on Australian manufacturing; and, (iv) despite these structural changes, the underlying co-integrated relationship between the terms of trade and real exchange rate is largely unchanged. The role of underlying structural change within the economy is an important consideration for policy makers and future research opportunities